[6] Lubaba al-Sughra converted to Islam about c. 622 and her paternal half-sister Maymuna became a wife of Muhammad. [131] The Byzantines pursued the Muslims into their camp, where the Muslims had their camel herds hobbled to form a series of defensive perimeters from which the infantry could fight and which Byzantine cavalries could not easily penetrate. [15] Sie beschwerten sich beim Kalifen, woraufhin ʿUmar erneut Chālids Absetzung forderte. 24 April 634,[101][110] a rare precise date cited by most traditional sources, which Donner deems as likely correct. [36] Malik had been appointed by Muhammad the collector of the sadaqa (alms tax) over his clan of the Tamim, the Banu Yarbu, but stopped forwarding this tax to Medina after Muhammad's death. [146] Khalid's initial force of 500–800 men had swelled to as high as 10,000 as a result of tribesmen joining his army's ranks from the Iraqi front or Arabia and as high as 30,000–40,000 factoring in their families. [105] In Kennedy's assessment, Khalid was "a brilliant, ruthless military commander, but one with whom the more pious Muslims could never feel entirely comfortable". [20][21] The purpose of the raid may have been to acquire booty in the wake of the Sasanian Persian army's retreat from Syria following its defeat by the Byzantine Empire in July. [107] Upon his accession, Umar may have confirmed Khalid as supreme commander. ,[1][2] an idol worshipped by the Banu Kalb tribe. Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (Arabic: خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي‎‎‎, romanized: Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīra al-Makhzūmī; died 642) was an Arab Muslim commander in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the caliphs Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and Umar (r. 634–644) who played a leading role in the Ridda wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632–633 and the early Muslim conquests of Sasanian Iraq in 633–634 and Byzantine Syria in 634–638. [13] The shrine is notable for its exceptional mihrab made of cut and molded brick, decorated with Kufic calligraphy,[2] capped with a hood similar to a baldachin. [30] Vaglieri surmises that the oasis was conquered by Iyad ibn Ghanm or possibly Amr ibn al-As as the latter had been previously tasked during the Ridda wars with suppressing Wadi'a, who had barricaded himself in Dumat al-Jandal. Nach der Einnahme von Mekka im Januar 630 fiel er allerdings einige Zeit beim Propheten in Ungnade. [67][68] The annual sum to be paid by al-Hira amounted to 60,000 or 90,000 silver dirhams,[70][71] which Khalid forwarded to Medina, marking the first tribute the Caliphate received from Iraq. [149] Per the surrender terms, taxes were imposed on the inhabitants in return for guarantees of protection for their property, churches, water mills and the city walls. Umar dismissed Khalid from his governorship of Qinnasrin afterward and he died in Medina or Homs in 642. [7], Eine andere Abteilung stieß im Spätherbst 632 auf zwölf Männer von den Yarbūʿ, unter denen sich auch Mālik ibn Nuwaira befand. [136], Jandora credits the Muslim victory at Yarmouk to the cohesion and "superior leadership" of the Muslim army, particularly the "ingenuity" of Khalid, in comparison to the widespread discord in the Byzantine army's ranks and the conventional tactics of Theodorus, which Khalid "correctly anticipated". [184] Kizil Ahmed Bey, the leader of the Isfendiyarids, who ruled a principality in Anatolia until its annexation by the Ottomans, fabricated his dynasty's descent from Khalid. [152][153] There, Khalid spared the inhabitants following their appeal and claim that they were Arabs forcibly conscripted by the Byzantines. [19], Khalid participated in the expedition to Mu'ta in modern-day Jordan ordered by Muhammad in September 629. [3] The shrine dates from the period of the medieval Delhi Sultanate,[4] and may be the earliest Muslim funerary monument in South Asia. [38], After Buzakha, Khalid proceeded against the rebel Tamimite chieftain Malik ibn Nuwayra headquartered in al-Bitah, in the present-day Qassim region. [183] A female line of descent may have survived and was claimed by the Sufi religious leader Siraj al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali al-Makhzumi of Homs (d.

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