2012). Website. High priority measures are considered those most likely to have an immediate and/or direct influence on attaining the management objective for the species. Woodland Vole tails are shorter at 1/2 to 1 inch long, and these voles weigh 1/2 to 1 1/2 oz. One to four litters are produced each year with one to five young per litter; the average is two or three. A species that lives in the wild in Ontario and that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Natural Heritage Reference Manual for Natural Heritage Policies of the Provincial Policy Statement, 2005 2nd Ed.Queen's Printer, Toronto, Ontario. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa. Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Mammals of the World [fifth edition, volume III]. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Québec City. Ontario Nature. The three main species that have a similar appearance to Woodland Voles and have an overlapping distribution in Canada are the Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi) and, in particular, the Southern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys cooperi). Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA. In the United States the conservation status is Secure (N5), and the subnational conservation status varies from Critically ImperiledFootnote8 (S1) to Secure (S5) in the 35 states in which it is found (Appendix B). The results of the SEA are incorporated directly into the management plan itself, but are also summarized below. Woodland voles spend their entire lives within the same home range of 700 to 2800 square meters. These plans have large land acquisition (habitat protection) goals for forest and woodland habitats (Kraus pers. Influence of soil texture, moisture and temperature on nest-site selection and burrowing by the Pine Vole, Microtus pinetorum. 1999. habitat requirements) of the species in Canada. Over-browsing as a result of hyper-abundant populations of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is thought to negatively impact small mammals through habitat loss, reduced food availability and increased direct competition for resources (Flowerdew and Ellwood 2001, Byman 2011). Robert S. Hoffman & Douglas Siegel-Causey. Forest harvesting can also result in alterations to the species’ habitat. Although the Woodland Vole is wide-ranging in the United States, it has a limited distribution in Canada, with the only known locations in southwestern Ontario and in the administrative regions of Lanaudière, Estrie and Montérégie in Quebec. Woodland voles may spread the seeds of the plants they eat and they are an important food source for many predators. Underground nests are often associated with the base of trees or coarse woody debris (WDNR 2013). 6.2 Broad Strategies. The very small eyes and ears are hidden in short, dense molelike fur; prominent whiskers are useful in navigating underground. However, woodland voles are common throughout most of their range and sometimes considered agricultural pests. This model uses habitat preferences and limitations of Woodland Voles (e.g. Some of their primary habitats include meadows, and other open areas. It is also listed as Special ConcernFootnote10 in Ontario under the provincial Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA). In other species, however, such as the meadow vole which much more often bothers homeowners and farmers, the males are promiscuous and leave the female’s side to go mate again as quickly as possible. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Save 50% off a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. NatureServe Explorer: an online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Byman, D. 2011. Voles, lemmings, and muskrats are all classified in the subfamily Arvicolinae of the mouse family, Muridae. Habitat of the Vole. Snell and H.G. •Rock Voles have yellow noses and longer tails. 1.4 Create a habitat suitability model for Quebec based on the Ontario model, if validation of Ontario model shows it to be effective. In Quebec, the species is found north of Trois-Rivières in the Boreal Shield ecozone, east of Montreal and on the border with the U.S. in the Mixedwood Plains ecozone. verifying whether the habitat mapping matches with habitat on the ground and determining if the species occurs at the indicated locations) has not been undertaken. The Woodland Vole may occur on agricultural lands; however, agricultural intensification may reduce the habitat features required by the species through a change in the density of herbaceous vegetation. To date, only a few management initiatives specific to Woodland Vole have been undertaken; however, there are other broad scale habitat conservation initiatives that would also address habitats appropriate for the Woodland Vole. Litters usually contain 3 to 7 young, though they can have 1 to 13 newborns. Desrosiers, N. pers. In addition to the threats listed below, there are other possible threats to the Woodland Vole and its habitat that remain largely unknown including the impacts of forest insects and disease, and roads and trails. The other six observations for this species in Quebec were recorded between 1956 and 1976 (COSEWIC 2010). Applied Soil Ecology 1(3): 243–249. 3.1 Encourage studies that determine the home range size and the use of various habitats within the home ranges of the Woodland Vole to help mitigate the effects of forest fragmentation on the species. 2014). The Woodland Vole’s habitat in Quebec receives some protection from An Act Respecting the Lands in the Domain of the State (R.S.Q., c. T-8.1) and the Sustainable Forest Development Act (R.S.Q., c. A-18.1). Acknowledgement and thanks are given to all other parties that provided advice and input used to help inform the development of this management plan including various Aboriginal organizations and individual citizens and stakeholders who provided input and/or participated in consultation meetings. The fur on the back varies from light to dark brown in color. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Promoting outreach and stewardship practices to forest and woodland managers will help species using forest habitats. Their fur is reddish-brown above with a dark gray under color, and is paler on the sides. They have adapted well to a human-centric world, and can even live in cities and urban areas, as well as farms and pastures. Premium Membership is now 50% off! However, the global (i.e., North American) distribution is thought to be continuous, as the Quebec populations are potentially connected to populations in northern Vermont and New York (COSEWIC 2010). The effects of deer exclosures on voles and shrews in two forest habitats. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, New World mice and woodrats, voles, hamsters, and their relatives, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, These animals are found in the following types of habitat, Ways that these animals might be a problem for humans. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. For example, within the provincial crown lands which are Ontario Parks and Conservation Areas the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act would apply. There are few habitats that voles cannot survive in. Broad Strategies and Conservation Measures, 6.1 Actions Already Completed or Currently Underway, Appendix A: Effects on the Environment and Other Species, Appendix B: Subnational conservation ranks for the Woodland Vole, Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals, Federal Sustainable Development Strategy's, Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act, Urban development, agricultural intensification, and forest harvesting. Conservation Biology 21(4): 997–1008. Management Plan for the Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum) in Canada. 1.3 Validate the existing habitat suitability model for Ontario (Bowman et al. comm. Habitat loss and degradation has been mainly attributed to urban development, agricultural expansion and forest conversion (Bélanger et al. 1999, Larson et al. Some examples of species at risk that will benefit from these conservation measures are listed below in Table 3. Moore. Belly is grayish washed with buff; hairs are dark at the base. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). 2004. Allison Poor (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. 2004). Northeastern Naturalist 18(4): 509-520. and R.G. Federation of Ontario Naturalists, Toronto, Ontario. Population estimates from the United States are not thought to be representative of the Canadian populations (COSEWIC 2010). It is thought that breeding is more likely to occur in the warmer months (May to October in the Canadian range; Sutherland pers. Exotic earthworm distribution in a mixed-use northern temperate forest region: influence of disturbance type, development age, and soils.

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