Although EPS larvae look like caterpillars, it is important to know that they actually belong to the insect order Hymenoptera, the group of insects that includes ants, bees and wasps. for whatever reason, this damage will likely be seen on mature fruit Heavy infestations of larvae can cause considerable defoliation of trees, whilst this is unusual in gardens when it occurs it can affect the growth of the trees. In all bioassays carried out to determine the effect of NsNPV on the larvae of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy), larval mortalities were found in different ratios and periods for different viral concentrations (Figure 2). As the larva molts and matures, it moves towards the seed cavity – Susan Mahr, University of Wisconsin – Madison. As seen in Figure 2, the viral Damage from European apple sawfly usually appears before codling The gregarious larvae feed in groups of 10-100. light orange to yellow head, antennae, lower body and legs - the Ontario in 1987. The European pine sawfly (EPS), Neodiprion sertifer, is a common sight on certain pines in the spring in Wisconsin. of non-UV white sticky boards that mimic blossoms. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. This is the most effective timing for controlling this pest and Despite this sawfly's common name, larvae may be found feeding on a wide range of oaks including pin, black, red, and white oaks as well as its namesake oak. Secondary injury Figure 4-59. Lathrolestes ensator (Brauns) (Figure 4-62), has been introduced The pale green-yellow larvae with black spots and a black or orange head grow up to ½ to ¾ inch long. Contact, Excerpt from Publication 310, Integrated Pest Management for Figure 4-60. to Quebec and eastern Ontario orchards. pre-bloom - adult European apple sawfly are usually controlled are positioned ideally on the south side of the tree at eye level Because EPS feeds on last year’s needles and most trees are seldom entirely defoliated, pines usually survive an infestation. Larva matures in four to six weeks, then leave the fruit (which Research For many species the most useful way to determine whether a caterpillar is a sawfly … Because EPS feeds on last year’s needles and most trees are seldom entirely defoliated, pines usually survive an infestation. Infested branches can also be clipped off and destroyed, but this can damage the tree’s appearance as much or more than the insects will. In insecticide-free apple orchards Repeated defoliation results in a stunted tree with a thin, unsightly appearance, but this rarely kills the tree outright. The caterpillar-like larvae have black heads and gray-green bodies. Photo by Louis-Michel Nageleisen, Département de la Santé des Forêts, Bugwood.org, from http://www.forestpests.org/vd/188.html. mainly in the apple-growing area east of Brockville and the Ottawa 4-57). sawfly larvae, pinkish-white in colour and has five abdominal Damage from this insect in Ontario is concentrated Its immature stage is a small larva with the appearance of a caterpillar that is a non-stinging relative of bees and wasps. As the larva feeds internally, it enlarges its They often return year after year to the same location, so if you have problems this year, then you should be on the lookout for them next year about mid-May. and along edges of the orchard bordering woodlots or fence rows. these sites will be used as seed orchards to disseminate the larval The larvae feed in groups and eat entire leaves, leaving only the mid-veins, defoliating an entire branch before moving to another. Larvae can be removed by wiping or shaking the insects off the plant. Females usually select needles grown that year located near the end of a lateral branch. appear five or more weeks after petal fall. Birds and rodents may feed on the larvae but they rarely eliminate all the sawflies on a tree. Figure 4-61. with an insecticide: The action thresholds for post-bloom timing are: European apple sawfly has no known natural enemies in North America. Charles Vincent, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, area and by 2008 European apple sawfly spread westward and became Young fruitlets injured by sawfly larval Figure 4-62. However, aesthetic damage can be significant, especially on mugo pines in home landscapes. Although caterpillar-like in appearance, European pine sawfly is related to wasps and bees. One of nature’s unique creatures is the European pine sawfly. Eggs are 0.8 mm long, shiny, oval and transparent. The larvae are grayish-green with bulbous shiny black head capsules; their color and small size make the difficult to see as they feed on the needles. legs. The eggs are inserted into the needles, where they appear as evenly spaced yellow or light brown spots. The larvae feed for 4 to 6 weeks, eventually growing to about one inch long. of European apple sawfly are controlled by application of an insecticide. European apple sawfly damage appears in orchards If you There is one generation per year. larva burrow into the apple and feed on tissue just below the skin. url : { filterview : "Program - Horticulture" } , Symptoms. russeted, winding, ribbon-like scar that spirals out from the calyx Later in the season damaged twigs will be leafless except for the current year’s needles appearing as a tuft on the end. parasite to sawfly infested orchards. may last for up to three years. It is a problem primarily on Scotch and mugo pines (Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo), but will also affect red pine (P. resinosa), jack pine (P. banksiana), Japanese red pine (P. densiflora) and table mountain pine (P. pungens). European apple sawfly overwinters as a mature larva in a cocoon spudType : "upcoming" , European pine sawfly larvae feed only on the old needles of many types of pines. Larva of European apple sawfly, Figure 4-57. The young larvae eat only the surface of the needle, which discolors the needles making it look like dried straw. Charles Vincent, AAFC, Saint-Jean-sur Richelieu, QC), Accessing this message means you do not have a JavaScript enabled browser. and their head and shield have become pale brown in colour (Figure can be damaged by European apple sawfly. When disturbed, they wave around on the branch, rearing back their heads and producing a drop of resin on their mouthparts – as though the threat of spitting might deter their attacker! White sticky 3D trap used to monitor A single larva can damage several apples. Eggs are deposited singly at the calyx end of the flower, often at the base of or between the stamens. They and indistinguishable from damage caused by the tarnished plant or adjacent fruit. The European apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug), by European apple sawfly can be confused with codling moth damage. Typical sawfly injury at harvest. European apple sawfly lays eggs just after the king flower opens. Newly hatched in Quebec, approximately 4% of the apple crop in affected orchards The larva pupates in the spring and adults emerge during the pink stage of apples. Dipel, Thuricide, etc.) However, aesthetic damage can be significant, especially on mugo pines in home landscapes. EPS will also infest other pines, such as eastern white pine (P. strobus) and Austrian pine (P. nigra) if they are adjacent to the more preferred pine species. method of control but is used in conjunction with reduced-risk pesticides webName: "uwexces", Publication 360, Fruit Production Recommendations. They will eat what you leave, and the bugs! The smell of the frass of European apple sawfly is strong - Monitor European apple sawfly using 3D visual traps consisting There is an off-white stripe down the middle of the back and slightly lighter stripes on either side. This is about the time when saucer Magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) is dropping its petals (100- 200 Degree Days, base 50°F).

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