As only a limited number of eggs could be collected daily and only a limited number of samples could be fixed during the working hours, fixation was done according to a schedule and there were no replicates for any sample of a given age at a given temperature. The duration of the teneral stage is highly variable with both the minimum (0.9 days) and the maximum (25.0 days) being recorded at the same rearing temperature of 26 °C. Close. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00318-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00318-2. 3: Morphology and systematics (Phytophaga). As embryo orientation was important in the identification of maximum extension and retraction of the germ band as well as dorsal closure, some samples were re-mounted, sometimes repeatedly, until all of the embryos were observed in the desired position. Of all the processes occurring under the eggshell, larval penetration into the seed is the least synchronized one (Fig. Larval development in C. maculatus, excluding the initial stage of boring into the seed, requires 189.8 degree-days above the LTT of 15.1 °C and pupal development requires 77.2 degree-days above 12.4 °C (Table 3). Ein Weibchen kann in seinem vergleichsweise kurzen Leben (etwa zwei Wochen) 80-120 Eier ablegen. van der Meer JM. Pickett FB, Champagne MM, Meeks-Wagner DR. Temperature-sensitive mutations that arrest Arabidopsis shoot development. Nietschke BS, Magarey RD, Borchert DM, Calvin DD, Jones E. A developmental database to support insect phenology models. A low number of data points (one estimate per stage per temperature) prevents meaningful fitting and comparison of models. 2, all designations as in Fig. Seed beetles have four larval instars separated by molts [30] but their identification in C. maculatus requires destruction of infested cowpea seeds and was beyond the scope of this work, which is mainly focused on embryogenesis. The study was supported by a grant from Russian Science Foundation (project no. If the incision happened to occur before the prepupal stage and the larva was still active enough to mend the injure in the seed coat with its oral secretion, the orifice thus closed had to be reopened with a scalpel after a day or two. Susceptibility of certain pulse grains to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera), and influence of temperature on its biological attributes. 2020. https://www.rstudio.com/. It is also of note that males and females respond slightly differently to rearing temperature such that the male response is more curvilinear (Fig. 2. The current rise of eco-evo-devo gives hope that the patterns and mechanisms behind the evolution of development time will start to come to light. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112088. Thus, postembryonic developmental rates in C. maculatus seem to be more or less reproducible yet prone to substantial genetic and/or uncontrolled environmental variation. The initial number of founder individuals was not known but the laboratory colony rose to many thousands of individuals after half a year. This collection procedure was then repeated as many times as needed. A quadratic function of the form R = − 0.00009T2 + 0.0073 T—0.0918 fitted to combined developmental rates from dorsal closure until the end of sclerotization yields a provisional lower temperature threshold of 16.0 °C (Fig. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is the major pest in stored cowpea, especially in subtropical countries. Seems like your pronunciation of callosobruchus maculatus is not correct. With mostly indirect evidence being available half a century ago, Howe [24] envisaged the existence of many distinct LTTs during embryogenesis. The proportion P of embryos or early larvae completing the stage in question was calculated in each sample and then plotted over time since oviposition. Although the life cycle of C. maculatus takes place by and large in one spot, first on the surface of a cowpea seed and then under that surface, and does not imply movement between different thermal environments, this beetle’s thermal phenotype varies in the course of ontogeny and different stages seem to scale disproportionately with temperature. The components of the essential oils were obtained and identified, the contact toxicity and the repellent and fumigant effect were determined. Mauchline J. – can-ned_food Mar 23 '17 at 2:24 West-Eberhard MJ. Cite this article. Early embryonic development was tracked and documented by means of destructive sampling and subsequent confocal imaging of fluorescently stained specimens. J Stored Prod Res. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Lale NES, Vidal S. Effect of constant temperature and humidity on oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. 2007;26(9):1444–8. Before staining, the embryos were rehydrated using a graded series of methanol/PBST and rinsed twice in PBST. Part of 3b) or at the end of postembryonic immature development (Fig. 2003;18:234–40. RNase reverses segment sequence in the anterior of a beetle egg (Callosobruchus maculatus, Coleoptera). The study was conceived, designed, and conducted by DK. The plates were scored on day 3 and day 7 at approximately the same time.

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