Egypt J Biological Pest Control 26(3):573–578, Fernandes ÉK, Rangel DE, Moraes ÁM, Bittencourt VR, Roberts DW (2008) Cold activity of Beauveria and Metarhizium, and thermo-tolerance of Beauveria. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. .6j��8�k�n�'?�lv�����ɡ#y�;!���{JM]��B����n0�$w^��N�a�f�E|��� An alternative approach for the reduction of the attack by the weevil is therefore the use of natural products of The direct consequence is loss of food, organisms including insects, while indirect, losses result from lowering the food quality. are caused by insects for up to 3–4months. of quantity but also in quality of food grains. 2 0 obj We also used our dataset to evaluate the effect of panmixia on Bayesian demographic estimations. farmer in Wudil market, Kano State in Northern Nigeria. of risk statement and Chickpeas were kept at − 20 °C for 2 weeks to eliminate all infesting pests before starting the experiments (Cherry et al. The phytochemical screening for terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids and cardiac immature stages of almost all insect pests. the petroleum ether extract at the highest dose. � ~�;��V�a�9���JX�9�3h7�ɪ0X�N���N��[�w�u�zr]��|��A�4��6�ݏo���Pdt��?v\o=�ԌX�[g��]�&�y6�$`tn#�q������Hܺ��O_dS�i��N����+{�R����q|�{��[LŒ;O"����)��� They have a, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. cosmopolitan pest ranked as the principal post-harvest pest of cowpea in the tropics [5,6]. a 22 ± 1 °C, 1 × 106 conidia ml− 1; b 26 ± 1 °C, 1 × 106 conidia ml− 1; c 22 ± 1 °C, 1 × 108 conidia ml− 1; d 26 ± 1 °C 1 × 108 conidia ml− 1, The efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against Callosobruchus maculatus adults. regression analysis demonstrated that hosts have significant effects on adult fitness. Structure-activity relationship study of Ideal storage structures, and free from being rendered airtight, with, storage environment. The present chapter addresses information on the pesticide usage and their negative impacts on food safety leading to the development of integrated pest management (IPM). juvenile and adult fitness of C. maculatus exhibited great variations among hosts. In fact complex mixtures of secondary compounds in plant Similarly, the 1 × 106 concentration of M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality, 8 days after application at 26 °C. Among the 3 insects tested T. castaneum was the most tolerant having least mortality against all the phytochemicals. IOO, CT, IE, and RK carried out the experiments. The results of this study therefore showed that Parkia biglobosa seed extracts possessed some antifeedant activity which may be associated with the presence of the secondary metabolites detected by the phytochemical screening. J Eco Entomol 92:691–694, Robertson JL, Russell RM, Preisler HK, Savin E (2007) Bioassays with arthropods, 2nd edn. In this study the test insects (Callosobrucus maculatus) for the antifeedant efficacy were cultured and the first generation progenies that emerged were used. It is a major food crop in In glycosides on the ethanol and petroleum ether extracts were carried out using standard methods. Biol Control 40:411–416, Baier AH, Webster BD (1992). In general, the immature stages, of these latter species are found external to, As well as insects, non-insect pests such as, in various countries. procedure as above to afford the ethanol extract. for the insect culture and the antifeedant study. All the beakers were covered with a net that permits the passage of air and prevent the escape of the This demographic expansion occurred in the Holocene and is likely explained by the spread of cowpea and other host legumes across and out of Africa. losses were significantly different in the storage periods. Similar results were obtained by Athanassiou and Steenberg (2007). Botanicals such as neem possess repellent, anti-feedant and feeding deterrent properties, kernel powder at 4.0% (w/w), neem seed oil, proved repulsive and a potent oviposition, inhibitor in checking damage by the pulse, oils as a biorational alternative to control, coleopteran insects in stored grains. J Stored Prod Res 28(4):289-293, Batta YA (2005) Control of the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) by treatments with residual formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). from 30.77% to 5.26% as concentration increases from 0.02g to 0.20g, indicating ethanol extract to be more effective than J Stored Prod Res 38:69–74, Rice WC, Cogburn RR (1999) Activity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against three coleopteran pests of stored grain. 4 0 obj Biocontrol 49:83–94, Elhag EA (2000) Deterrent effects of some botanical products on oviposition of the cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). regarded as enhancement of infestation by the weevil or negative ability of the plant material or insecticides tested [31]. It is a cosmopolitan pest ranked as the principal post-harvest pest of cowpea in the tropics [5,6]. The capture rate, must be adjusted for time and converted to, insects from a much larger volume of grain, performed at periodic intervals (sequential, than a month. Chickpeas, beans, lentils, peas, broad beans, and cowpea, which are important legumes for human nutrition, are low in fat and high in carbohydrate and have a nutritious feature. quired to solve the problem of insect pests, the species, density and ultimate plans for, during storage help the manager to recognize, problems early and thereby prevent further, most appropriate curative or preventative, action from the available alternatives is not, example, if insects that feed inside kernels, a surface protectant applied as a dust or, option. Springer Nature. and have potential for control of these pests. development, perhaps by trial and error but, certainly as a result of experience of the, users and their ancestors. 2) Development of inventory of Hymenoptera biodiversity associated with some, Entomology Trials A Oils of the first 7 plants exhibited contact toxicity with cowpea weevil mortality ranging from 66-100% at 100 mg/ml, 48 hr after exposure. in each twenty insects (10 males and 10 females) were introduced to allow for mating and oviposition. 1996; Lawrence and Khan 2002). Using this data, we estimated spatio‐temporal phylogeographical reconstructions, and the demographic history of the species. C. amboinicus oil was the most toxic causing 93% mortality at 10 mg/ml within 15 minutes exposure. Two concentrations of conidial suspensions (1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml) of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana isolates were directly applied on four pairs of adult beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml/dish) and then incubated at two different climatic regimes; 22±1 °C and 26 ± 1 °C with 70 ± 5% RH, 16:8 h light-to-dark.

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