Their hardness on the Mohs scale is only about 2.5-3 which is low for a silicate mineral (although within normal range for a sheet silicate). Sample from Southern Norway. Luster. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology: 69: 105-117. ‘Eastonite’ is in parentheses because the term has been abandoned. if (document.getElementById != null) Width of view 40 mm. The term “biotite” has been discredited as a mineral species name by the International Mineralogical Association since 1999. Mining Engineering: 27, 68 pp. Quarry; Williams Quarry), Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000), Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007), Mt. Width of sample 13 cm. Phlogopite with apatite (greenish yellow) and enstatite (dark green) in pegmatite. Scale: See Photo. Width of sample 9 cm. Banfield, J.F. An anomalous (hence the name) variety of "biotite" which has its optic axial plane perpendicular to (010). There are some claims that Biot discovered the mineral biotite. Width of sample 9 cm. phlogopite + calcite + quartz → tremolite + K-feldspar + CO2 + H2O K2Fe4Al2[Si4Al4O20](OH)4 – siderophyllite But clay mineral vermiculite which forms as an alteration product (either weathering or hydrothermal) of iron-bearing varieties has several uses. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). biotite. var printReadyElem = document.getElementById("printReady"); The mineral that gives it such an appearance is biotite. Excalibur Minerals Unusual pegmatite assemblage. These so-called normal biotites tend to be black in color and they are sometimes referred to as lepidomelane (dark iron-rich biotite). Tulloch, A. Economic Geology: 96: 1671-1683. Nothing even remotely similar can be done to hornblende which is a much harder material. Biotite is a common phyllosilicate meeneral athin the mica group, wi the approximate chemical formula K(Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (F,OH) 2.Mair generally, it refers tae the dark mica series, primarily a solid-solution series atween the iron-endmember annite, an the magnesium-endmember phlogopite; mair aluminous endmembers include siderophyllite.Biotite wis named bi J.F.L. Clays and Clay Minerals: 46: 649-657. Biotite is easily scratched with a needle and you can also force it into the “book-like” aggregates of many layers. Chemical Formula. } Rehrig, W.A. Biotite (sensu lato) is a common rock-forming mineral that can be stable in a variety of geological chemical systems and under a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions.Its composition provides information on several intensive and extensive parameters of the magmatic or hydrothermal systems in which it crystallizes, such as pressure, temperature, oxygen … html += '\n\n'; It is a common practice to distinguish between biotite and phlogopite like these two are mutually exclusive minerals with different compositions. Evje, Norway. Monomineralic rock that is composed of (almost) pure biotite is known as glimmerite. Large “books” are a common sight in pegmatitic rocks. Note how the elongated patches are oriented sub-parallel to each-other. Biotite in the majority of cases forms when clay-rich sedimentary rocks are buried deep enough for the clay minerals to metamorphose to it. No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. Kesler, S.E., Issigonis, M.J., Brownlow, A.H., Damon, P.E., Moore, W.J., Northcote, K.E., and Preto, V.A. Mg-rich variety phlogopite is sometimes used as an insulator in electrical applications. _uacct = "UA-3067463-1"; A barium- and titanium-bearing biotite mica. Biotite with garnet. A slash in the formula indicates different elements can occur in this position but without assumption on priority. Showing 19 significant localities out of 14,046 recorded on mindat.org. & Zussman, J. It acts as the primary iron-bearing phase in many granitic rocks and as a hydrated potassium-bearing mineral in mafic rocks. Ohta, T., Takeda, H., and Takéuchi, Y. (1979) Secondary Ca-Al silicates as low-grade alteration products of granitoid biotite. Neiva, A. } 2.5-3. } Shabani, A. and Lalonde, E. (2003) Composition of biotite from granitic rocks of the Canadian Appalachian orogen: a potential tectonomagmatic indicator? Biotite also forms in impure metamorphosed carbonate rocks and in metabasic rocks. (1975) Geochemistry of biotites from mineralized and barren intrusive systems. Biot and his associate, Félix Savart, discovered that an electric current in a wire produced a magnetic field. Width of sample 9 cm. Biotite and muscovite in sand. It is micaceous (composed of cleavable sheets). Black biotite, white plagioclase, gray quartz. var gAutoPrint = true; // Flag for whether or not to automatically call the print function Vermiculite is an alteration product of biotite which expands greatly when heated (shown on the picture). Zinnwaldite, for example, is compositionally close to iron-rich variety siderophyllite with added lithium. Therefore the naming may be confusing task even if the exact chemical composition is known. Biotite and muscovite are the two most common mica minerals that often occur together in Al-rich igneous rock. (1999) Nomenclature of the Micas. 3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by. Expanded vermiculite is a light-weight material well-suited for insulation and also used as a soil conditioner. Biotite in felsic rocks tends to be Fe-rich. Width of sample 14 cm. Biotite also occurs in skarns which are contact-metasomatized rocks which form when silicate magma reacts with carbonate rocks. Biotite itself is not very useful material. (. This mineral name, however, is also no longer in official use. Introduction. Width of sample 14 cm. } Iron-rich member annite is the heaviest. It remains the companion of several metamorphic minerals (muscovite, garnet, staurolite, Al-silicates, cordierite) that inhabit pelitic rocks at various depths in the crust. Biot received many awards in his lifetime in recognition of the value of his scientific researches. There are four principal compositional end-members of the group: Journal of Petrology: 35: 525-541. It is least common in mafic rocks, but these too host it sometimes. ? Forms a series with phlogopite. (, This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. These minerals are notably soft. Hannukainen, Finland. Simplified formula more commonly used is based on the more common species regarded as 'biotite' subgroup. (1983) Titanium, aluminium and interlayer cation substitution in biotite from high-grade gneisses, West Greenland. Mat. Biotite from granite pegmatite. Warning: this java applet does not work in some browsers because of security restrictions. var headTags = document.getElementsByTagName("head"); Width of sample 10 cm. Mg-rich variety phlogopite. dolomite + muscovite → biotite + chlorite + calcite + CO21. The density is highly variable: 2.7-3.3 g/cm3. Biotite is black magnesium/iron-based mica of low commercial value. Narvik, Norway. "); Micaceous - Platy texture with "flexible" plates. Biotite is a member of the mica branch of the silicate mineral group.It is common as a rock-forming mineral and is found associated with muscovite, feldspar, and quartz. Biotite with other micas are sheet silicates – their structure is composed of many sheetlike layers which are connected to each-other by weak chemical bonds. Go to top of page, Jeff Weissman / Photographic Guide to Mineral Species, Minerals in Thin Section-University of North Carolina. It is among the most common and widespread minerals. { Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg, Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (F, OH) 2.The name “biotite” is used in the field and in entry-level geology courses because these minerals generally cannot be distinguished without optical, chemical, or x-ray analysis. Charge balance is maintained by replacing Al for Si in other site in the lattice (this substitution of multiple elements is known as the Tschermak’s substitution). This is the reason why biotite was named in his honor by a German mineralogist Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann in 1847. Rieder, M., Cavazzani, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Müller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radaslovich, E.W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., and Wones, D.R. It can hardly be true. Senja, Norway. (1994) Nature of biotites from alkaline, calc-alkaline and peraluminous magmas. Carbonatite is igneous rock with highly unusual carbonate composition (white mineral is calcite). image credit: R. Weller, Cochise College. (1974) Biotite as a primary inclusion in diamond: Its nature and significance.

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