The false pregnancy and the subsequent lactation and maternal behavior observed in many domestic dogs is also evident in wolves, but if the females have had puppies, these behaviors will be that much stronger. Male animals produce a lot of sex cells. Actual fights to establish hierarchy usually occur at five to eight weeks of age. One Greek myth tells of Lycaon of Arcadia being transformed into a wolf by Zeus as punishment for his evil deeds. Although lyme disease can debilitate individual wolves, it does not appear to significantly affect wolf populations. [152] Since 1980, European wolves have rebounded and expanded into parts of their former range. [42], The wolf has very dense and fluffy winter fur, with a short undercoat and long, coarse guard hairs. Most of them will cheat, and most of them will adjust their mating and social system to fit the relative abundance of food resources. Wolves usually have some hairs that are white, brown, gray and black. In my opinion, their monogamous tendencies are strongly related to the fact that they have an unusual nature. [52] Research into the inheritance of white colour from dogs into wolves has yet to be undertaken. I have in mind for example those sad pictures of shot coyotes which you have occasionally published, albeit I appreciate most were probably published to show us examples of coat variation and threfore possible admixture of other canid genes. I would bet that there’s certainly something different in the average receptor distributions of coyotes and dogs that explains their difference mating strategies. Such markers can last for two to three weeks,[95] and are typically placed near rocks, boulders, trees, or the skeletons of large animals. [120] On bare paths, a wolf can quickly achieve speeds of 50–60 km/h (31–37 mph). http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/behavior... Is this fraud or real? Toxocara canis, a hookworm known to infect wolf pups in the uterus, can cause intestinal irritation, bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea. In recent years, there has been a lot of research on prairie voles. Wolves are excellent learners that match or outperform domestic dogs. However, there can be extreme loyalty in pastoral breeds from my experience among a family or bloodlines of dogs. [16][17][18], Genomic studies suggest modern wolves and dogs descend from a common ancestral wolf population[19][20][21] that existed 20,000 years ago. When such foods are insufficient, they prey on lizards, snakes, frogs, and large insects when available. [22][23] Other wolves appear to have originated in Beringia in an expansion that was driven by the huge ecological changes during the close of the Late Pleistocene. In addition to increasing pup survival, monogamy also stabilized pack dynamics. With small, mouselike prey, wolves leap in a high arc and immobilize it with their forepaws. [130] Medium-sized prey are especially vulnerable to surplus killing, as the swift throat-biting method allows wolves to kill one animal quickly and move on to another. But from a gene-centered view of evolution, this works only if the females are likely to give birth to young that will survive into maturity. [97], Wolves communicate to anticipate what their pack mates or other wolves might do next. The Proto-Indo-European root *wĺ̥kʷos may also be the source of the Latin word for the animal lupus (*lúkʷos). If they try to mate with their father, they are likely to be attacked. [103] Raised leg urination is considered to be one of the most important forms of scent communication in the wolf, making up 60–80% of all scent marks observed. Most rabid wolf attacks occur in the spring and autumn periods. [54][55] The wolf specializes in preying on the vulnerable individuals of large prey,[40] with a pack of 15 able to bring down an adult moose. [75] Wolves also dominate and sometimes kill wolverines, and will chase off those that attempt to scavenge from their kills. [157], In southern Asia, the northern regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan are important strongholds for wolves. [61], Viral diseases carried by wolves include: rabies, canine distemper, canine parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis, papillomatosis, and canine coronavirus. In North America, wolves eat blueberries and raspberries. To survive, wolves must be able to solve two problems—finding a prey animal, then confronting it. They invest so much time and energy into raising it, but the chick they raise does not carry their genetic material. The mated pair get free license to mate with each other, but because wolves have both inbreeding avoidance behavior and social suppression of estrus in the subordinate females, the chances of more than one female getting pregnant from other pack members is pretty low. Compared with those found in the modern spotted hyena, the frequency and location of tooth fractures in these wolves indicates they were habitual bone crackers. Wolves are monogamous, mated pairs usually remaining together for life. I might add that the genders of the persons involved is irrelevant to the equation.

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